Answer :

There must be an earthquake detector in place to detect any earthquakes off the shores in the oceans. This system can be a regional or local system, and although the system is fallible the margin of error is very small.

Sometimes though the earth quake/movement is too close to shore to detect it in time, and people get caught in it as a result.

There also needs to be a universal warning signal that actually tells people that the tsunami is coming.

I hope this helped.

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