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why a lithium atom forms a + 1 ion and an oxygen atom forms -2 ion? Please really urgent thanks

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Lithium forms a +1 ion because it loses one electron, making the ratio of electrons:protons unbalanced by losing one electron. the ratio is now 2e:3p.

Oxygen forms a -2 ion because of a different reason. It gains 2 electrons rather than losing them.

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