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To what extent did these four early modern states face similar problems and devise similar solutions? How did they differ? In particular, how did the rulers of these states deal with subordinates? How did they use violence? What challenges to imperial authority did they face?

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meerkat18
I think you forgot to include some details, but I did some researching. They had similar problems including incompetent and corrupt officials. The rulers of these states opened direct lines of communication between them and those being abused by their officials. 

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